1. Dublin
   Madrid
2. Pristina
   Bratislava

Dublin is the capital of the Republic of Ireland. The Republic is separate from Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom. The question of what happens to the border once the UK leaves the EU in 2019 is still unresolved.

1. Brussels
   Paris
2. Amsterdam
   Copenhagen

You probably got this one. Paris is the capital of France and has been around for well over a thousand years. However, contrary to what Hollywood would have us believe, Paris is a modern city and you cannot actually see the Eiffel Tower from every hotel room within it.

1. Edinburgh
   London
2. Belfast
   Cardiff

London is the capital of the whole UK. The other three options here are the respective capitals of its components: Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales.

1. Brussels
   Rome
2. Barcelona
   Florence

Brussels is the capital of Belgium. It's also the capital of the European Union, as well as a place that you can find a very delicious little cabbage.

1. Rome
   Berlin
2. Madrid
   Brussels

Madrid is over 2,000 feet above sea level. The city is over 1,200 years old and boasts one of the best soccer teams in the world.

1. Rome
   Florence
2. Lisbon
   Monaco

Lisbon is one of the oldest cities in Western Europe. Like Rome, the city was built originally on seven hills - and it is on the Atlantic coast.

1. Rotterdam
   Copenhagen
2. Tromso
   Reykjavik

Copenhagen is one of the most livable cities in the world. It's home to the world famous Little Mermaid statue, built to honor the story by Hans Christian Andersen.

1. Prague
   Salzburg
2. Zurich
   Geneva

Prague is known as the City of a Hundred Spires becuase of all its beautiful old churches. It's the capital of the Czech Republic, which split from Slovakia after 1993.

1. Zagreb
   Budapest
2. Monaco
   Bruges

Buda and Pest used to be two separate cities across a river, but they are now one city. Budapest was one of two capitals of the Austro-Hungarian Empire; the other was Vienna.

1. Bruges
   Ghent
2. Antwerp
   Amsterdam

Amsterdam is the capital of the Netherlands, also known as Holland. It used to be part of Spain but achieved independence after eighty years of war.

1. Salzburg
   Vienna
2. Geneva
   Zurich

Vienna is where Mozart comes from, and is still home to a glorious opera. It's also home to Sigmund Freud and Ludwig van Beethoven.

1. Reykijavik
   Rotterdam
2. Oslo
   Malmo

Oslo is the capital of Norway, which is among the wealthiest societies in human history. Norway is also home to a great healthcare system and universal free education.

1. Helsinki
   Stockholm
2. Talinn
   Riga

Helsinki is on a peninsula in the Gulf of Finland. Finland is another Nordic country and is also one of the most equal in the world.

1. Belfast
   Glasgow
2. Reykjavik
   Galway

Reykjavik is the largest city in Iceland, but only has 300,000 residents. It's also home to an outsized airport, legacy of a time when planes couldn't cross the Atlantic in one hop and had to stop in Iceland.

1. Oslo
   Talinn
2. Vilnius
   Stockholm

Stockholm is the capital of Sweden. It is noted for its remarkable landscape, where mountains plunge directly into the sea to create fjords.

1. Vatican City
   Vatican Village
2. Vatican Town
   Vatican Way

Vatican City is an independent state even though it is only a few blocks in Rome. It has observer status at the United Nations as it is not really big enough to warrant a seat.

1. Athens
   Sparta
2. Marathon
   Delphi

Greece used to be a loose grouping of city states that sometimes warred on each other. Since it was united and independent from the Ottoman Empire, Athens has been its capital.

1. Paris
   Rome
2. Florence
   Milan

Rome is the heart of Catholicism and of Italy. Italy is a very beautiful country that has a long and frustrating history of breathtakingly corrupt governments.

1. Warsaw
   Salzburg
2. Gdansk
   Minsk

Warsaw is the capital of Poland, which is a country that as clung onto independence in the face of some truly amazing odds. It has been previously conquered by all of its neighbors.

1. Berlin and Bern
   Munich and Zurich
2. Koln and Geneva
   Hamburg and Basel

These pairs all have one city in Switzerland and one in Germany. However the capitals are Berlin and Bern!

1. Sarajevo
   Belgrade
2. Bucharest
   Rome

Bucharest is a beautiful and very old city noted for the palace of Vlad the Impaler. Romania itself is noted for the Carpathian Mountains that separate it from the Balkans.

1. Tirana
   Sparta
2. Istanbul
   Prague

Tirana is noted for its beautiful colorful buildings. These are from the Soviet, Ottoman and Fascist eras.

1. Plovdiv
   Mostav
2. Burgas
   Sofia

Bulgaria has been in four empires: Roman, Ottoman, Greek and Soviet. That means that it has a great mix of architectural styles throughout the city.

1. Podgorica
   Hamburg
2. Cannes
   Barcelona

This city may be obscure but it's fabulous. Check out the Ostrog Monastery and Lake Scutari.

1. Andorra la Vella
   Sarajevo
2. Skopje
   Pristina

Andorra is a tiny little state between France and Spain. The other cities listed here are in the former components of Yugoslavia, which broke up after a dreadful war in the 1990s.

1. Bratislava
   Milan
2. Leipzig
   Graz

Slovakia used to be part of Czechoslovakia. Before this, it was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. However, it works as an independent country because it was always its own region within bigger nations.

1. Vienna
   Milan
2. Belgrade
   Varna

Belgrade was the capital of Yugoslavia, which broke up into lots of nations after a civil war. The Serb majority conducted a genocide against the ethnic minority Muslim population, resulting in war.

1. Izmir
   Bursa
2. Ljubljana
   Milan

Slovenia is the most northerly of the Yugoslavian nations. It has a very short coastline, with only a few miles on the Adriatic Sea.

1. Sarajevo
   Zagreb
2. Athens
   Florence

Zagreb is the capital of Croatia, another Yugolsavian nation. Croatia is a horseshoe-shaped country embracing the north end of Bosnia.

1. Istanbul
   Konya
2. Ankara
   Adana

Ankara is an important city and the capital of Turkey. However, Istanbul, formerly Constantinople, is the most economically important city in the country.

1. Riga
   Vilnius
2. Talinn
   Kiev

Kiev is the capital of Ukraine, which has in common with the Baltic states that Russia has conquered it an awful lot. Ukraine is clinging to independence despite renewed Russian aggression in the last five years, including an invasion of its eastern regions.

1. Gdansk
   Moscow
2. St. Petersburg
   Oslo

Moscow has been the capital of Russia for a long time. However, the capital was moved to St. Petersburg for a while.

1. San Marino
   Vaduz
2. Athens
   Valetta

Liechtenstein is a small country just by Switzerland that you can drive across in less than an hour. San Marino is a city state, and Veltta is the capital of Malta, an island nation.

1. Pristina
   Sofia
2. Minsk
   Varna

Minsk is the capital of Belarus. Like Poland, Belarus has had to put up with being conquered an awful lot, but now it is independent.

1. Chișinău
   Varna
2. Turin
   Genoa

Moldova is a former Soviet state that is now part of the EU. It is sandwiched between Romania and Ukraine.