1. Typhoon
   Blizzard
2. Cyclone
   Sleet

A cyclone is a gigantic air mass that moves around a low-pressure core, and it can cause some serious damage. Their rotation depends whether they are above or below the equator. North of the equator, cyclones move counterclockwise, while they move in a clockwise direction in the southern hemisphere. (Check out how water flows down the train or down the toilet for another example of this!)

1. Hurricane
   Monsoon
2. Lightning
   Warm front

A hurricane is a particular type of cyclone which builds up over oceans, especially in tropical or sub-tropical regions. Using warm air to propel itself, hurricanes can have winds from over 70 to upwards of 160 miles per hour. Landfall often slows them down, but not before major destruction sometimes occurs.

1. Drizzle
   Landslide
2. Mud Front
   Desertification

Landslides occur for many reasons, and it's rarely just one thing that causes a landslide. Gravitational force is always at play, along with possibilities like earthquakes, erosion, or changes in groundwater. The most devastating landslide in US history occurred in Oso, Washington, in 2014, and 43 people lost their lives.

1. Waterspout
   Jet stream
2. Graupel
   Avalanche

Avalanches are similar to landslides in that gravity pushes snow (instead of land) down a hill. However, avalanches don't have the same triggering factors that landslides do. They are more often caused by snowfall and snowpack, not by things like erosion or groundwater changes. As they gain speed, avalanches can easily pick up boulders and trees, and people can easily be smothered beneath the snow.

1. Heat vapors
   Monsoon
2. Fog
   Flood

Fog is defined as a thick cloud made of water droplets suspended in the atmosphere at or near the Earth's surface. The thickness of fog results in a reduction of visibility which affects human activities such as shipping, driving, sailing or flying. Lots of visitors to the Golden Gate Bridge can also attest that fog affects the ability to take great photos too!

1. Erosion
   Drought
2. Thundersnow
   Fallow

A drought is a natural disaster characterized by a prolonged period of insufficient rainfall which may last for months or years. Drought can have major impacts on its environment, from higher likelihood for fire to deeply diminished water supply.

1. Wildfire
   Sun stroke
2. Sunspot
   Simoom

Wildfires often occur in forested or rural areas that are rife with vegetation. Wildfires may be caused by human activities such as agriculture or more commonly by natural causes such as drought, lightning or volcanic eruption.

1. Warm front
   Sun vapors
2. Heatwave
   Heat fog

A heat wave, which varies by region, is as a period of devastatingly weather which may be accompanied by humidity. Severe heat waves can cause major health problems, especially for the very young and elderly people, and can also result in economic loss including crop failures or inability to work.

1. Hurricane
   Rain storm
2. Flood
   Cold front

A flood, as defined by the European Union Floods Directive, is a covering by water of land not typically covered by water. This may be the result of an overflow of nearby bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, sea or ocean due to an accumulation of rainfall or storm surges.

1. Monsoon
   Surfing wave
2. Tidal wave
   Cloudburst

A tidal wave, not to be mistaken with a tsunami, is a type of wave that is recurring, unlike a tsunami, which is caused by seismic movement. Tidal waves are related to the moon and regular gravitational pull, not with one-time events.

1. Tornado
   Typhoon
2. Cloud
   Ground blizzard

Tornadoes are the result of thunderstorms, occurring in the US predominantly in the midwest. These rapidly moving weather events are characterized by their funnel-shaped clouds. The '90s movie "Twister" followed storm-chasers looking for tornadoes.

1. Acid rain
   Noise pollution
2. Graupel
   Sun shower

While acid rain doesn't cause your skin to melt off, it can cause asthma and other respiratory illness. Like much pollution around the world, acid rain is one result of industrialization and human behavior on the environment, and its effects are felt most acutely by poor people and developing nations who have contributed the least to pollution around the globe.

1. Snow roller
   Thundersnow
2. Rain
   Ice pellets

Ice pellets are frozen balls of rain that solidify before they reach the ground. This type of precipitation is also known as sleet and are usually make a tapping sound when they hit the ground or another object, differentiating them from soft snow or even driving rain.

1. Desert fog
   Dust storm
2. Warm front
   Sand snow

Dust storms arise from dry soils and form a thick mass that can cause poor visibility in affected areas. These storms usually occur in arid regions and are dangerous to one's health.

1. Sandstorm
   Windstorm
2. Sleet
   Lightning

Another word fro violent windstorms is "derecho," a term that was never popularized with meteorologists. The wind may or may not be accompanied by rain but can cause damage to trees and infrastructure.

1. Hail
   Simoom
2. Gale
   Maxi-snow

Hail is a form of precipitation where hard balls of ice fall from the sky. This takes place when ice crystals in cumulonimbus clouds become too heavy to remain in the cloud and fall to the ground. Hailstones may be as small as peas or as large as grapefruits - all depending on the severity of the storm.

1. Graupel
   Thundersnow
2. Convergence zone
   Blizzard

A blizzard is a violent snowstorm, consisting of strong winds that may last for hours. This type of weather takes place when these winds, measuring more than 35 miles per hour, cause snow to be tossed around in the air, reducing visibility.

1. Sleet
   Tornado
2. Water vapor
   Rain

As you may remember from elementary school, rain falls from the sky when water vapor condenses in clouds. Those fluffy shapes that look so cottony are actually full of water, not like pillows at all.

1. Rain
   Tsunami
2. Waterspout
   Ground blizzard

A tsunami is a giant wave that is often preceded by seismic disasters like volcanoes or earthquakes. These high, long waves can rise from ten to 100 feet and are very destructive to human life.

1. Halo
   Snow
2. Thundersnow
   Moon front

Halos are rings of light that encircle the sun or moon. They are referred to as an optical phenomenon, due to the effect of the light on these astronomical objects. Halos are a fascinating occurrence and some believe they foreshadow rainy or stormy weather.

1. Hail
   Snow
2. Sticking rain
   Jet stream

Snow is formed in clouds when water vapor cools below freezing. Other weather conditions that involve snow are blizzards, flurries, white-outs, and yes, even thundersnow.

1. Simoom
   Fog
2. Sunshower
   Snow roller

The term sun shower refers to a commonly observed weather phenomenon. A sun shower occurs when raindrops blow into an area with no clouds. This results in rain falling while the sun is out.

1. Cold front
   Monsoon
2. Tornado
   Air mass

An air mass is a large body of air defined by its temperature and water vapor content -- they can be thousands of miles long! Typically, these bodies stay in contact with land or sea long enough to take on their same temperature.

1. Rainbow
   Cloudburst
2. Sunshower
   Downburst

Rainbows are a popular weather phenomenon. These colorful shapes can be arches or you can be the lucky finder of a double arched rainbow. You'll also see them around waterfalls.

1. Graupel
   Waterspout
2. Snow
   Squall

A squall refers to a sudden gust of wind associated with a thunderstorm, rain showers and heavy snow. A squall must last at least one minute, and they can have winds of up to 40 miles per hour! You do NOT want to get caught in one of these!

1. Convergence zone
   Rain
2. Warm front
   Tropical storm

A tropical storm is defined as a low-pressure wind system which, like hurricanes, form in tropical seas. They can turn into hurricanes if their wind speeds exceed 73 mph.

1. Thundersnow
   Monsoon
2. Thunderstorm
   Sleet

Sleet is a form of precipitation which consists of a mixture of rain and snow. Sleet is also defined as ice pellets which results from the freezing of raindrops as they fall.

1. Tornado
   Arctic cyclone
2. Ground blizzard
   Drizzle

Arctic cyclones are also known as Polar cyclones. Like regular cyclones, they are areas of low pressure which can cover over a thousand miles. Arctic cyclones occur in the northern hemisphere.

1. Fog
   Snow roller
2. Sundown
   Sundog

A sundog is formally known as a "parhelion" in meteorology. It occurs when a bright spot appears on one or both sides of the sun.

1. Moonbow
   Jet stream
2. Simoom
   Gale

A moonbow is a term used to refer to a rainbow formed by moonlight. Moonbows are very rare, but in spite of that, they have many nicknames, including lunar or white rainbows.

1. Mesocyclone
   Graupel
2. Cloudburst
   Warm front

This precursor to the tornado is a vortex that rises over a severe thunderstorm. When tornadoes form from mesocyclones, they can have a longer and more damaging impact than other tornadoes, which sometimes last only a few minutes.

1. Cloud
   Monsoon
2. Weather front
   Rain strip

A weather front is often the reason "weather" like rain and snow occurs. It's an area where air masses of differing temperatures or densities converge.

1. Foehn wind
   Monsoon wind
2. Pre-rain
   Cold front

Foehn or found wind is the generic term applied to warm and dry air that frequently occurs on the "dry side"of a mountain range. This is the side more susceptible to drought and other severe weather.

1. Simoom
   Torpor
2. Waterspout
   Anticyclone

An anticyclone is a weather phenomenon that does exactly the opposite of a cyclone: when the weather is nice as can be, you might be experiencing an anti-cyclone.

1. Jet stream
   Sleet
2. St. Elmo's fire
   Snow roller

Named for the patron saint of sailors, St. Elmo's fire refers to a type of bright light that results from an electric field. It's been observed by none other than Charles Darwin and Julius Caesar, among many others, of course.

1. Zud
   Rain
2. Warm front
   Graupel

Zud refers to a winter of particularly bad weather occurring for any number of reasons including too much snow, not enough snow, or warming temperatures that create impenetrable ice slicks. It is typical that in a zud year, a million livestock can be lost.

1. Cloud electricity
   Thundersnow
2. Ball lightning
   Cold front

These colorful orbs can appear during a thunderstorm and shine as brightly as an overhead light! Ball lightning is often mistaken for St. Elmo's fire, and can range in size from a peach to a watermelon.

1. Lightning
   Northern lights
2. Diamond dust
   Fog

Diamond dust is characterized by low-hanging clouds in sub-zero temperatures. Ice crystals form inside the clouds, looking like bright spots in the sky.