1. Third
   First
2. Fourth
   Second

The Articles of Confederation were the first constitution binding the then-colonies together as states, but it was seen as insufficient in the wake of victory. As a result, a new constitution was written.

1. 13
   52
2. 26
   74

A grand total of 74 delegates were appointed to the constitutional convention. As mentioned earlier, some states were not keen on the idea of the union, and only 55 delegates attended.

1. Rhode Island
   New York
2. Virginia
   Massachusetts

Many states were upset with the notion of yoking themselves to states with cultures and practices to which they objected. Out of frustration and protest, Rhode Island sent no delegates to the convention, despite being asked to.

1. Lion's Head
   King's Head
2. Indian Queen
   Crossroads

Located at the intersection of 4th and Chestnut Streets in Philadelphia, the Indian Queen Tavern was an upscale establishment (unusual in that it sold wine in addition to cider and beer) where many of the constitutional convention's delegates were quartered for the duration.

1. The Contract
   The Contrast
2. The Foolish King
   The Glorious King

Revolutionary War veteran Royall Tyler was one of the most vocal members of a camp of Americans unwilling to accept a king, writing a play lampooning the idea of an aristocracy. So successful was the play and its like that the sentiment against a new monarch kept the founding fathers from writing one into the constitution.

1. Cato
   Tonto
2. Johnny Dimple
   Samuel Lexington

The Federalist Papers, written by John Jay, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, were a response to the letters published in newspapers criticizing the constitution; they were a defense. The author of these letters (in a preview of how internet culture would take to anonymity and noms de plume) called themselves "Cato."

1. defense
   defence
2. de-fence
   Defence

English was a very different language at the time of the nation's founding, with alternate word spellings that were considered equally acceptable, and haphazard rules regarding punctuation and capitalization. Given the surrounding syntax, it would seem this word, spelled eccentrically, should be capitalized, but it isn't.

1. the legislative branch
   two Houses of Congress
2. the Senate
   a Congress

With the American governmental system an entirely new prospect, the authors of the constitution wrote of "a congress" as it was still a hypothetical as the idea was put to paper. Understanding the meaning of the documents written in this period often means having to know the circumstances of the authors.

1. One
   Ten
2. Seven
   Four

The U.S. Constitution lays out a constellation of rules around who is eligible for high office. For Congressmen of the House of Representatives, eligibility requires possessing citizenship for at least seven years.

1. Thirteen
   Several
2. United
   American

Certain word choices in the constitution look deliberate and strange but were likely just customary English at the time it was authored. The use of the word "several" to describe the states sounds unusual but comes up in other documents.

1. Twenty-five
   Forty
2. Thirty-five
   Thirty

The rules enumerating the population size of each representative's district are laid out in the constitution at thirty thousand. This requirement is one of the reasons for the clause requiring a census every ten years, in order to apportion representation fairly and accurately. The constitution specifically does not refer to only counting only citizens or eligible voters.

1. The legislature
   The Veto
2. War Powers
   Impeachment

In a passage so specific that it exists as its own paragraph, the constitution lays out that the House of Representatives is the final word on impeachment. This power is further defined but not delegated.

1. State legislatures
   State governors
2. Popular vote
   State courts

In a practice ended by the seventeenth amendment, the states' legislatures chose their U.S. Senators. This had several effects, one of which was that it meant being elected to state office meant a lot, and it was also a product of the lack of mechanisms in place to hold large-scale popular elections.

1. A majority
   All
2. One half
   Two thirds

If the House of Representatives' power to impeach a president is akin to a criminal indictment, the Senate's power is that of the jury trial. Unlike a jury trial, however, the jury need not be unanimous to obtain a conviction.

1. Of senators and representatives
   Of any federal officeholder
2. Of any executive office holder
   Except in cases of fraud

The constitution gives the legislative branch the power to regulate how elections are held for their own ranks, dictating to the states. The only exception to this rule is they may not dictate where these elections take place.

1. Enlarged
   Destroyed
2. Empowered
   Given a raise in pay

Members of Congress are forbidden from holding certain offices because it could lead to corruption. This includes any office created or given a raise in pay, meaning that a sitting senator could not create a paid job and have it concurrently with being a senator.

1. Majority
   Fair
2. Successful
   Two-thirds majority

As with the U.S. Senate's power to remove a president from office, a presidential veto can only be overcome by a two-thirds majority vote by the Congress. This requires a two-thirds majority voting in favor of the bill in the Senate and again in a separate vote in the House.

1. Tariffs
   Fees
2. Mulcts
   Imposts

The constitution uses words that appear as synonyms in many places. Some of these had specific meanings in the time of the founders, while others were just added for clarity. An impost is a tax, but the word is also used to describe a weight added to a racehorse to handicap it.

1. Lending fees
   Mortgage rates
2. Weights and Measures
   Interest rates

In the time of the founding of the U.S., weights and measures were highly variable, with units like "gallons" and "bushels" being subject to geography and culture. The U.S. briefly considered embracing the new "metric system," which standardized all measurements according to a unified system, but it was thought Americans were too closely tied to the old names of things.

1. Books
   Discoveries
2. Labors
   Arts

Though not a very flashy passage, this section of the U.S. Constitution grants Congress the power to support science and the arts by protecting "exclusivity." In other words, this is what gives the Library of Congress the power to issue copyrights.

1. War powers to the President
   Clemency to war criminals
2. Letters of Marque
   Repose to prisoners of war

Though still technically in the constitution, "Letters of Marque" are an antiquated method of making trouble for a rival nation. In essence, a Letter of Marque is a license to conduct what would be considered piracy on a specific type of vessel, such as Spanish or British ships.

1. The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit
   The Regulation and Ordering of arms and armouries
2. Opposition to the raising of funds for a Standing Armie, being heretofore an abomination to these Several States
   Slavery

This first listed limit on the powers of Congress, now obsolete, was the compromise the abolitionists made to get the southern states to sign the document. Essentially what it does it prevents Congress from touching the transatlantic slave trade until 1808.

1. Ad coelum
   Habeas Corpus
2. Ex proprio motu
   Ex post facto

Ex post facto laws are laws written retroactively, meaning that they make it possible to charge someone with a crime that was not a crime when the act was done. A bill of attainder is a law criminalizing a person or class of person and can mean finding them guilty without a trial.

1. Twenty-fifth
   Twenty-third
2. Nineteenth
   Twentieth

The twenty-fifth amendment, enacted in 1967, was put in place because of the assassination of JFK. The event forced the nation to consider not just how a president's death would be handled but also his incapacitation.

1. To a free press
   To peaceably assemble
2. To exercise their freedom of religion
   To petition the government

All of these rights are described in the first amendment. Still, one of them has to be the final one mentioned, and that is the right to petition the government. Interestingly, this is as close to having a right to vote granted by any constitutional document describes.

1. Ten
   Five
2. Twelve
   Seven

Although the Bill of Rights went through several drafts before passage, and these drafts streamlined the bill and combined some of the amendments into single items, there are only ten in the final published draft. Other amendments would follow this bill.

1. Be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law
   Answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury
2. Be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb
   Be a witness against himself

The fifth amendment defines the rules by which the government may try suspected criminals, limiting its powers and giving people rights not present in other countries. While most people associate the fifth amendment with a right against self-incrimination, it is also a host of other protections.

1. Thirteen
   Fifty
2. Ten
   Nine

All thirteen states eventually ratified the constitution, though it took time for some whose populace's provincial worries made them paranoid about federal intrusion. To ratify the document however, only nine needed ratify it.

1. Being necessary to the security of a free state
   Being the wages of war
2. Being a threat to the people
   Being in need of a check consisting of armed vigilantes

The second amendment went through many drafts. The appositive part of the sentence (the blank in this case) is meant to clarify the section preceding it. There was language around military service and religious obligations in earlier drafts, but it was removed, leaving this awkwardly constructed syntax; essentially a cut and paste error.

1. The houses of Congress propose amendments to the constitution when deemed necessary
   Presidential terms last no more than four years
2. The flag fly on all federal buildings
   All debts owed by the states be honored

The matter of debts loomed over the young United States, with huge debts owed from the war, and not all states wealthy enough to pay them. Though the constitution did not come up with a remedy for the debts, it did insist that they remain until paid.

1. Conviction of a crime
   Going back in time to the years before the thirteenth amendment
2. Being a prisoner of war
   Being a threat to the national security

While most people think of the thirteenth amendment as banning all forms of slavery, it explicitly allows for prisoners to be slaves. Section one reads, "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."

1. Twenty-seven
   Thirty-one
2. Twenty-five
   Thirty-four

The U.S. Constitution has been modified numerous times. Some amendments took weeks to pass and others took more than a century. The grand total of amendments thus far is twenty-seven.

1. Changed the voting process
   Ended prohibition
2. Began prohibition
   Enshrined presidential term limits into law

The twenty-second amendment was passed largely as a reaction to the FDR administration. FDR was elected to three terms, and while he did not live to serve the full twelve years, his reelections horrified his political opponents, who pushed for this bill.

1. Started prohibition
   Ended prohibition
2. Redefined how senators are chosen and elected
   Freed the slaves

Prohibition, called "the noble experiment" was a fourteen year debacle begun with the passage of the eighteenth amendment. The result was a black market that gave birth to American organized crime and ultimately the culture of the drug trade.

1. Speech
   Arms
2. Freedom
   Vote

The fifteenth amendment makes reference to the right to vote, protecting it, but given that the right to vote is not guaranteed anywhere else in the document, this can be a bit confusing. In fact, this amendment was essentially pointless when it was passed, as the Supreme Court ruled in apparent contradiction to it, requiring the passage of the Civil Rights Act decades later.